INTRODUCTION:

Child abuse is a pervasive issue world-wide, with long-lasting physical, emotional and psychological consequences. Educating children about good and bad touch is crucial for their safety and well-being. Touch is essential or natural part of human interaction. However, it is essential to differentiate between good touch and bad touch. It is essential to educate children about good and bad touch to prevent abuse and promote their safety and well-being¹.

Every person has a body and our body belongs only to us. It is important to learn how to keep our body safe and to understand the difference between good and bad touch. Good touch is a touch that makes us feel loved, cared for and comfortable. It includes hugs from our parents and pat on our back from our teachers for doing well in school, or holding hands with close friends. These touches help us feel safe and secure. They are done with care and respect. Bad touch is a touch which makes us feel scared, nervous and confused. If someone touches private parts of your body or tries to make you keep a secret about a touch, it is a bad touch². Understanding the difference between good touch and bad touch is very important for children and even adults. It helps us stay safe and protect our bodies from harm. Every person has the right to feel safe and respected, and knowing about good and bad touch³. Child abuse is a serious issue worldwide, with long-lasting physical, emotional, and psychological consequences. In India, it’s a significant and little-recognized problem, often shrouded in silence. According to studies, child sexual abuse is widespread in India, occurring both within and outside the family circle⁴. Educating children about good touch and bad touch empowers them to set boundaries and make informed decisions. Good touch and bad touch are crucial concepts to teach children, empowering them to understand and protect themselves. Good touch refers to positive and appropriate physical contact, while bad touch encompasses inappropriate and uncomfortable physical contact. By providing clear definitions and examples, children can develop a better understanding of what constitutes each type of touch⁵.

In 2024, the number of cases is expected to exceed 4,500, with 4,196 incidents reported until November. In 2023, Kerala reported 4,663 cases of child sexual abuse under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act. The number of cases has been increasing steadily, with 3,322 cases reported in 2021, 4,583 in 2022, and 3,616 in 2019.It's essential to note that child abuse incidence rates can vary depending on the source and methodology of the data. These statistics highlight the need for continued efforts to prevent and address child abuse in India and globally. The things that children learn about life in early days always stick around and may be able to understand and see things more clearly if you have been looking out for it for a while.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching program on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school children.

OBJECTIVES:

· To assess the existing pretest level of knowledge regarding good and bad touch among school children.

· To assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching program on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school children.

· To find out the association between pretest knowledge score regarding good and bad touch with selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H01: There will be no significant difference between pretest and post test level of knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school children.

H1: There is a significant difference between pretest and post test level knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school children.

H02: There is no significant association between the pretest level of knowledge and the selected demographic variables.

H2: There is a significant association between the pretest level of knowledge and the selected demographic variables among selected children participating in the study.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

The study was conducted by using quasi experimental pretest posttest design. The study was conducted in St Joseph LP school Kongandoor, Kottayam. The participants were 30 school children among the age group of 8 -10years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected using non probability convenient sampling technique. The approval for the study was granted by the ethical committee of college of nursing. The instruments used for the study used for data collection comprises of 2 sections.

Section A: Demographic variable of sample.

The section is designed to collect the data based on age, gender, type of family, sharing thoughts, leisure time, residing with, no of siblings.

Section B: 15 Structured questionnaire regarding good touch and bad touch.

Research design:

The Research design of the present study is quasi experimental design.

Setting of the study:

The settings of the study is St Joseph LP school kongandoor, Kottayam.

Sample:

In this study, the sample is school children of age 8-10years.

Sample size

In this study, the sample consist of 30 LP school students. Sampling technique Convenient sampling technique used in the study.

CRITERIA FOR DATA COLLECTION:

Inclusion criteria:

· Children age 8 to 10 years.

· Currently enrolled in the school.

· Able to understand and respond to questions.

Exclusion criteria:

· Children with significant cognitive or intellectual disabilities.

· Children or parents who refuse to participate.

Methods of data collection:

Data collection tool:

In this study the tool is a structured knowledge questionnaire.

Procedure for Data Collection:

Section A: Questionnaire is used to collect socio demographic variables.

Section B: 15 multiple questions to assess knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch. Respondents are instructed to put tick mark against correct answers. Each correct response carries one mark with a total score of 15.

The overall score is categorized into 3 different level of knowledge

· 0-5 : Poor

· 6-10 : Average

· 11-15 : Good

ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES:

Section A: Distribution of sample according to demographic data:

This section deals with distribution of samples according to demographic variables which include age, gender, type of family, sharing of thoughts, leisure time, residing with and number of siblings.

Table 1: Distribution of demographic variables

SL. No.

Variables

Frequency

Percentage

Age :

40%

60%

Sex :

Male

Female

40%

60%

Type of family :

Nuclear

Joint

70%

30%

Share thoughts :

Parents

Friends

Siblings

Teachers

Others

83.3%

16.6%

Leisure Time :

Mobile

Friends

Others

10%

63.3%

26.6%

Living with:

Parents

Father

Mother

Guardian

83.3%

6.6%

10%

No of Siblings :

None

23.3%

36.6%

33.3%

6.6%

Section B: Distribution of pretest knowledge of students regarding good touch and bad touch.

This section deals with analysis and interpretation of students on the basis of knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch. Knowledge was assessed by using a structured questionnaire of 15 questions. Each correct answer carries one mark.

Table: 2 Frequency and percentage of pretest Knowledge score on good touch and bad touch

Knowledge score	Grade	Frequency	Percentage
0-5	Poor	3	10%
6-10	Average	27	90%
11-15	Good	0	0%

PRE TEST KNOWLEDGE

Data table shows that among the 30 samples 27(90%) students were having average knowledge and 3(10%) students were having poor knowledge.

SECTION C: Evaluation of the effectiveness of VAT program on pretest knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch.

This section deals with the evaluation of effectiveness of VAT on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch.

Table: 3 Effectiveness of VAT on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch.

Test	Mean	Standard value	t value	Significance
Pre test	7.77	1.476	-
Post test	13.37	0.67	21.29	Significant

The hypothesis H₁ is tested here, calculated t value is greater than table value. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected (p>0.05). So it indicates that the teaching program was effective in terms of increasing the level of knowledge.

SECTION D: Association between demographic variables and pretest knowledge of students on good touch and bad touch:

This section deals with the association between pretest knowledge of students on good touch and bad touch and demographic variables like age, sex, family, sharing thoughts, leisure time, living with, and siblings.

Table 4: Association between demographic variables and knowledge of students on good touch and bad touch

Sl. No	Variables	Chi- square value	Degree of freedom	Significance
1.	Age	0.06	1	Not
2.	Sex	0.98	1	Not
3.	Family	1.422	1	Not
4.	Sharing	0.661	1	Not
5.	Leisure time	1.91	2	Not
6.	Living with	6.36	2	Significant
7.	Siblings	5.744	3	Not

The table reveals that there is significant association between pretest knowledge score and demographic variable of the sample residing with (x²=6.36). Therefore the study is significant.

DISCUSSION:

The present study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching program on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school children between age group of 8-10 years. The findings as per objectives are mentioned under following headings.

1. Findings related to the existing pretest level of knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school children.

The present study findings show that among 30 samples in the pretest 3(10%) were having poor knowledge 27(90%) were having average knowledge and none of them have good knowledge.

2. Findings related to effectiveness of video assisted teaching program on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school children.

The present study reveals that there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest level of knowledge (t value 21, 29, table value 2.05, p<0.05)

3. Findings related to association between pretest knowledge score and demographic variable regarding good touch and bad touch among school children. The present study reveals that there is significant association between pretest knowledge score and demographic variable of the sample residing with (x²=6.36).

NURSING IMPLICATIONS:

1. Nursing Practice:

● The study proved that video-assisted teaching remarkably improved children’s knowledge about good touch and bad touch.

● Nurses can apply this approach to deliver consistent, accurate, and age-appropriate information to children.

● The program aids to build children’s confidence to report unsafe situations, supporting early detection and prevention of abuse.

● It provides effective method for school nurses and community health nurses to involve students in interative learning.

● Promotes child-friendly communication techniques, ensuring children understand without fear or confusion.

● Allow nurses to integrate preventive education into routine health checks and school visits.

2. Nursing Education:

● Emphasis the need for curriculum enhancement in nursing education with a focus on child protection and health promotion.

● Nursing students must be trained to deliver innovative, multimedia-based education to children, including topics on safety and personal boundaries.

● Equips future nurses to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of educational interventions through pre- and post-knowledge assessments.

● Broaden the role of nurses as health educators and advocates for child welfare.

3. Nursing Research:

● The study strengthens the role of video-assisted teaching as an evidence-based strategy to enhance knowledge in school children.

● Persuades nurse researchers to explore other digital and interactive teaching tools to deliver health education effectively.

Influences further research into knowledge retention, behaviour change, and emotional impact among children post-intervention.

● Exclaims for studies assessing the sustainability and scalability of such programs across various regions and school settings.

4. Nursing Administration:

● Underlines the need for administrative support to integrate child safety education as a mandatory component in school health services.

● Uplifts administrators to ensure training programs for nurses in video-assisted and child-focused teaching methods.

● Support allocation of budget and resources for digital teaching materials and screening programs on child safety.

● Uphold intersectoral collaboration between nursing departments, education departments, and child welfare organizations.

CONCLUSION:

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching program on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school children. Pretest result shows that among 30samples,3(10%) were having poor knowledge, 27(90%) were having average knowledge and no one of the sample belong to good level of knowledge. Post test results shows that 30 (100%) students have good knowledge. Also there is significant association between pretest knowledge and demographic variables.

The findings of the study clearly indicate that the Video-Assisted Teaching (VAT) program is a highly effective educational tool in enhancing the knowledge and awareness of school children regarding Good Touch and Bad Touch. The interactive and visual nature of the video content helped children understand the sensitive topic in a simple, engaging, and age-appropriate manner.

RECOMMENDATION:

· A similar study can be conducted with large sample so that the findings can be generalized.

· The study can be conducted in different schools.

· A comprehensive study can be conducted between the urban and rural students.

· A similar study can be conducted to assess the attitude.

LIMITATIONS:

The study is limited to:

· Students in selected school only.

· Students in the age group 8 to 10 years.

· Small number of 30 samples.

REFERENCE:

1. Malai Ammal M, Geethanjali S, Indumathi S. Effectiveness of health education regarding good touch and bad touch among 6 to 10‐year‐old children. Int J Med Public Health. 2024; 14(4): 114–7. doi:10.70034/ijmedph.2024.4.23 ijmedph.org.

2. Poonam. Effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among children. Int J Novel Res Dev. [Internet]. 2024 Mar [cited 2025 Jun30]; 9(3):e451. Available from: https://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2403457.pdf

3. Gandhar SS, Deshmukh J, Pawar S, Shep N, Chavhan N, Kolekar R. A study to assess effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school going children in selected schools of Pune city. Int J Res Paediatric Nursing. 2024; 6(2):186–190. doi:10.33545/26641391.2024.v6.i2c.188

4. Chitra, Nanthini T, Sivasankari Bon S. A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding good touch and bad touch among school going children at selected schools, Puducherry. Int J Res Acad World. 2023; 2(7):96–98.

5. Beeman M, Govindan R, Tasvirben KP, Siva Subramanian N, MahidaSadiya Z, Harshal K. Awareness on good and bad touch among school children in north Gujarat, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2023; 12(11):1976. PMID: 37908619; PMCID: PMC10613817.

Received on 26.08.2025 Revised on 10.10.2025

Accepted on 19.11.2025 Published on 21.02.2026

Available online from February 23, 2026

Asian J. Nursing Education and Research. 2026;16(1):20-24.

DOI: 10.52711/2349-2996.2026.00005

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Creative Commons License.